Electrical conductor for illuminating purposes.



I. LADOPF.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 4, 1904.

CONDUCTIVE SUBSTANCE uvemfoz mm a Patented. Apr.,19, 1910.

' vunattaincd, candle power, besides other de-,

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isanon tanorr, or scnnris crsnr, new YORK, sssieno'n, BY manor AND missus.

ASSIGNMENTS, 0F THIRTY ONE-HUNDREDTHS TO TPHILII C. PIECE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND SEVENTY' .ONE-HUNDREDTHg T0 ANNA M. ,LADOFF. OF SGHENEGTADY,

NEW YORK.

ELEG'IEIG ATQ QONDUCTOBJ FOR ILLUMiNATING PURPOSES.

eaters:

Application filedlanuary 4, 1904. Serial No. 187,638.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, ,ISADOR LAnorr, a citizen of the United States,'residing in Schenectady, county of Schenectady, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Conductors for illuminating. Purposes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention .relates to the constitution of that part or parts of an electricalconductor which are adapted to produce illuinination when the current is turned on, as for instance the pencils of the are light.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 isan elevation of one of said conductors; Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of Fig. l. I

My researches have demonstrated that certain substances, including metals and their oxids, possess properties,'which impart to the electric light, derived from conductors con tain ng them, exceptional, f not hitherto sirable qualities such as unprecedented whiteness, c. absence of the red lines objectionable for instance-in lights derived from the usual carbon conductors; besides which such conductors so containing the aforesaidsubstances are much niore' durable than others previously known. Types of the substances to which I referare titanium, also it's oxid intermingled, in 1 such .rutile, also silicon, also its oXid silica etc.

Such substances have hitherto proved unavailable, on an industrial scale at least, for the purposes in hand, largely on accountof their inadequate electrical conductivity, and they may be classified generally for the purposes of this specification as being substances, including metals, which for the purposes of electric lighting possess exceptional electroluminous but when arced inadequately conductive properties. 1 have discovered, that these substances may be empurposes with industrial economy and with the-advantages described, provided-they are I conductors, with another substance inadequately electroluminous, as for instance metal, possessing the requisite conductivity and staminarto, as it were, support them within and by itself in a state akin to, if not actually of, mechanical suspension.

lar purpose. ,next be'allowed to dry in ,the open air under room temperature for several hours, it being In Letters Patent of the United States No. 840,634 granted to me on the 8th day oii January 1907, I have particularly describedthe processes devised by me .for combining' specification of Letters Patent. fatented Apr. 19, 1916 I in pencils or electrodes for are lighting the 7 said titanium with iron. In producing penoils for the are light comprising silicon, substantially thesame processes. and methods are employed by me, though the proportions may be considerably varied without losing characteristic advantages attributable to the silicon, my experience leads me to conclude that the best results may be obtained from ,not to exceed 50% of silicon and say preferably between 15% and 30%. Are light pencils so constituted are preferably prepared as follows: An alloy of silicon and iron for instance commercial ferro-silicon containing the former in the required proportions is first pulverized. To the, resulting powder is added a sufiicient quantity of any available binding material, as for instance water, glycerin, tar, linseed oil,:or the like, to impart to the powder adhesion and piesticity such as to enable the material to be premd or squirted int-o the-desired form molds under hydraulic. orother pressures,

after the manner, for 'instance, in which carbon pencils are now produced for a sinn- The resulting pencils should important, as will be appreciated, .toavoid aQtoo rapid drying, which tends to distort the shape of the pencils.- After this prelimi-' nary drying, in an oven ata temperature of about 200 dethe pencils are furtherdried grees C. or thereabout for about forty eight hours' After this the pencils are placed carefully in carbon and subjected for about same results mayobvious'ly-be obtained by combining the silicon with the other element to be associated therewith in any other more convenient mechanical or other way.

It will be understood that though silicon in elemental state possesses considerable electrical conductivity, its ox'id is practically 'of producing my silicon filament, as t ll-6."

a non-conductor, and that-silicon; When homogeneously and uniformly associated arced, is transformed into its paid I with. iron throughout the body of the pencil.

What I claim as new and desireto secure 5. An are light pencil composed of sili- 15 by Letters Patentis the following 'viz con associated with a more conductive metal 5 1. An are light pencil composed of silicon substantially as described.

associated with iron. 6. An :ii'light pencil comprising silicon 2. An are light pencil comprising silicon associated with a more conductive metal associated with iron. substantially as described. 4 p I 3. An are light pencil composed of silicon ISADOR LADOFF, 10 homogeneously 'and uniformly associated Witnesses:

with iron throu hout the body of the pencil. LEoPoLn MINKIN, 4. An arc lig lit pencil comprising silicon HENRY E. Smnn. 

